diff --git a/src/arbitrary/arbitrary.rs b/src/arbitrary/arbitrary.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cc8017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arbitrary/arbitrary.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+use chrono::DateTime;
+use chrono_tz::Tz;
+use ijson::{IArray, INumber, IObject, IString, IValue};
+use pyo3::{
+    exceptions::{PyTypeError, PyValueError},
+    prelude::*,
+};
+use snafu::Snafu;
+
+use super::{finite_f64::FiniteF64, map::Map, map_key::MapKey};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, derive_more::From, derive_more::TryInto)]
+pub enum Arbitrary {
+    Null,
+    Bool(bool),
+    Integer(i64),
+    Float(FiniteF64),
+    String(String),
+    Array(Vec<Arbitrary>),
+    Map(Map),
+    DateTime(DateTime<Tz>),
+}
+
+impl From<MapKey> for Arbitrary {
+    fn from(map_key: MapKey) -> Self {
+        match map_key {
+            MapKey::Null => Arbitrary::Null,
+            MapKey::Bool(b) => Arbitrary::Bool(b),
+            MapKey::Integer(int) => Arbitrary::Integer(int),
+            MapKey::String(s) => Arbitrary::String(s),
+            // close enough
+            MapKey::Tuple(vec) => Arbitrary::Array(vec.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect()),
+            MapKey::DateTime(date_time) => Arbitrary::DateTime(date_time),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
+pub enum MapKeyFromArbitraryError {
+    #[snafu(display("floats aren't supported as map keys yet. got {value:?}"))]
+    FloatNotSupported { value: FiniteF64 },
+    #[snafu(display("a map cannot be a map key. got {value:?}"))]
+    MapCannotBeAMapKey { value: Map },
+}
+
+impl From<Arbitrary> for IValue {
+    fn from(value: Arbitrary) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            Arbitrary::Null => IValue::NULL,
+            Arbitrary::Bool(true) => IValue::TRUE,
+            Arbitrary::Bool(false) => IValue::FALSE,
+            Arbitrary::Integer(int) => INumber::from(int).into(),
+            Arbitrary::Float(float) => INumber::try_from(f64::from(float)).unwrap().into(),
+            Arbitrary::String(s) => IString::from(s).into(),
+            Arbitrary::Array(vec) => {
+                IArray::from_iter(vec.into_iter().map(Into::<IValue>::into)).into()
+            }
+            Arbitrary::Map(Map(btree_map)) => {
+                let mut object = IObject::new();
+
+                for (key, value) in btree_map {
+                    let key: IString = key.into();
+                    object.insert(key, value);
+                }
+
+                object.into()
+            }
+            Arbitrary::DateTime(date_time) => IString::from(date_time.to_rfc3339()).into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for Arbitrary {
+    fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        if let Ok(map_key) = ob.extract::<MapKey>() {
+            Ok(map_key.into())
+        } else if let Ok(map) = ob.extract() {
+            Ok(Self::Map(map))
+        } else if let Ok(f) = ob.extract::<f64>() {
+            let f = FiniteF64::try_from(f).map_err(|err| PyValueError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
+            Ok(Self::Float(f))
+        } else if let Ok(vec) = ob.extract() {
+            Ok(Self::Array(vec))
+        } else {
+            let type_name = ob.get_type().fully_qualified_name()?;
+            Err(PyTypeError::new_err(format!(
+                "can't extract an arbitrary from a {type_name}"
+            )))
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/arbitrary/finite_f64.rs b/src/arbitrary/finite_f64.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5bf69e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arbitrary/finite_f64.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+use snafu::Snafu;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, derive_more::Into)]
+pub struct FiniteF64(f64);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
+#[snafu(display("{value:?} is not finite"))]
+pub struct NotFinite {
+    value: f64,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<f64> for FiniteF64 {
+    type Error = NotFinite;
+
+    fn try_from(value: f64) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        if value.is_finite() {
+            Ok(Self(value))
+        } else {
+            Err(NotFinite { value })
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/arbitrary/map.rs b/src/arbitrary/map.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..601152f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arbitrary/map.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+use super::{arbitrary::Arbitrary, map_key::MapKey};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, derive_more::From, derive_more::Into)]
+pub struct Map(pub BTreeMap<MapKey, Arbitrary>);
+
+impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for Map {
+    fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let inner: BTreeMap<MapKey, Arbitrary> = ob.extract()?;
+
+        Ok(Self(inner))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/arbitrary/map_key.rs b/src/arbitrary/map_key.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f57b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arbitrary/map_key.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+use chrono::DateTime;
+use chrono_tz::Tz;
+use ijson::IString;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use pyo3::{exceptions::PyTypeError, prelude::*, types::PyNone};
+
+use super::arbitrary::{Arbitrary, MapKeyFromArbitraryError};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum MapKey {
+    Null,
+    Bool(bool),
+    Integer(i64),
+    String(String),
+    Tuple(Vec<MapKey>),
+    DateTime(DateTime<Tz>),
+}
+
+impl Display for MapKey {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            MapKey::Null => write!(f, "null"),
+            MapKey::Bool(b) => write!(f, "{b}"),
+            MapKey::Integer(i) => write!(f, "{i}"),
+            MapKey::String(s) => write!(f, "{s}"),
+            MapKey::Tuple(vec) => {
+                let comma_separated =
+                    Itertools::intersperse(vec.iter().map(ToString::to_string), ", ".to_string());
+                write!(f, "({})", String::from_iter(comma_separated))
+            }
+            MapKey::DateTime(date_time) => {
+                write!(f, "{}", date_time.to_rfc3339())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for MapKey {
+    fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        if let Ok(_none) = ob.downcast::<PyNone>() {
+            Ok(Self::Null)
+        } else if let Ok(b) = ob.extract() {
+            Ok(Self::Bool(b))
+        } else if let Ok(int) = ob.extract() {
+            Ok(Self::Integer(int))
+        } else if let Ok(s) = ob.extract() {
+            Ok(Self::String(s))
+        } else if let Ok(tuple) = ob.extract() {
+            Ok(Self::Tuple(tuple))
+        } else {
+            let type_name = ob.get_type().fully_qualified_name()?;
+            Err(PyTypeError::new_err(format!(
+                "can't extract a map key from a {type_name}"
+            )))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<MapKey> for IString {
+    fn from(map_key: MapKey) -> Self {
+        Self::from(map_key.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<Arbitrary> for MapKey {
+    type Error = MapKeyFromArbitraryError;
+
+    fn try_from(arbitrary: Arbitrary) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match arbitrary {
+            Arbitrary::Null => Ok(MapKey::Null),
+            Arbitrary::Bool(b) => Ok(MapKey::Bool(b)),
+            Arbitrary::Integer(i) => Ok(MapKey::Integer(i)),
+            Arbitrary::String(s) => Ok(MapKey::String(s)),
+            Arbitrary::Array(vec) => {
+                let tuple = Result::from_iter(vec.into_iter().map(TryInto::try_into))?;
+                Ok(MapKey::Tuple(tuple))
+            }
+            Arbitrary::DateTime(date_time) => Ok(MapKey::DateTime(date_time)),
+            Arbitrary::Float(float) => {
+                Err(MapKeyFromArbitraryError::FloatNotSupported { value: float })
+            }
+            Arbitrary::Map(map) => Err(MapKeyFromArbitraryError::MapCannotBeAMapKey { value: map }),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/arbitrary/mod.rs b/src/arbitrary/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b69f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/arbitrary/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+pub mod arbitrary;
+pub mod finite_f64;
+pub mod map;
+pub mod map_key;
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/domain.rs b/src/home_assistant/domain.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8edf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/domain.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use strum::EnumString;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, EnumString, strum::Display)]
+#[strum(serialize_all = "snake_case")]
+pub enum Domain {
+    Automation,
+    BinarySensor,
+    Button,
+    Camera,
+    Climate,
+    Conversation,
+    Cover,
+    DeviceTracker,
+    Group,
+    InputDatetime,
+    InputNumber,
+    InputSelect,
+    InputText,
+    Light,
+    Lock,
+    MediaPlayer,
+    Notify,
+    Person,
+    Remote,
+    Scene,
+    Select,
+    Sensor,
+    Sun,
+    Switch,
+    Tag,
+    Update,
+    Weather,
+    Zone,
+}
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/entity_id.rs b/src/home_assistant/entity_id.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a7bb81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/entity_id.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use std::{fmt::Display, str::FromStr};
+
+use pyo3::{exceptions::PyValueError, prelude::*};
+use snafu::{ResultExt, Snafu};
+
+use super::{
+    domain::Domain,
+    object_id::{ObjectId, ObjectIdParsingError},
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct EntityId(pub Domain, pub ObjectId);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Snafu)]
+pub enum EntityIdParsingError {
+    #[snafu(display("entity IDs have a dot / period in them, e.g. light.kitchen_lamp"))]
+    MissingDot,
+
+    #[snafu(display("could not parse the domain part of the entity ID"))]
+    ParsingDomain { source: <Domain as FromStr>::Err },
+
+    #[snafu(display("could not parse the object ID part of the entity ID"))]
+    ParsingObjectId { source: ObjectIdParsingError },
+}
+
+impl FromStr for EntityId {
+    type Err = EntityIdParsingError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        let (domain, object_id) = s.split_once('.').ok_or(EntityIdParsingError::MissingDot)?;
+
+        let domain = domain.parse().context(ParsingDomainSnafu)?;
+        let object_id = object_id.parse().context(ParsingObjectIdSnafu)?;
+
+        Ok(Self(domain, object_id))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for EntityId {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let Self(domain, object_id) = self;
+
+        write!(f, "{domain}.{object_id}")
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<EntityIdParsingError> for PyErr {
+    fn from(error: EntityIdParsingError) -> Self {
+        PyValueError::new_err(error.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for EntityId {
+    fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let s = ob.extract()?;
+        let entity_id = EntityId::from_str(s)?;
+
+        Ok(entity_id)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/event/context/context.rs b/src/home_assistant/event/context/context.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b033918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/event/context/context.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::home_assistant::event::event::Event;
+
+use super::id::Id;
+
+/// The context that triggered something.
+#[derive(Debug, FromPyObject)]
+pub struct Context {
+    pub id: Id,
+    pub user_id: Option<String>,
+    pub parent_id: Option<String>,
+    /// In order to prevent cycles, the user must extract this to an [`Event<Arbitrary>`](super::event::Event) themself (or even specify a specific type parameter!)
+    origin_event: Py<PyAny>,
+}
+
+impl Context {
+    pub fn origin_event<'py, Type: FromPyObject<'py>, Data: FromPyObject<'py>>(
+        &self,
+        py: Python<'py>,
+    ) -> PyResult<Event<Type, Data>> {
+        self.origin_event.extract(py)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/event/context/id.rs b/src/home_assistant/event/context/id.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3517cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/event/context/id.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use ulid::Ulid;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Id {
+    Ulid(Ulid),
+    Other(String),
+}
+
+impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for Id {
+    fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let s = ob.extract::<String>()?;
+
+        if let Ok(ulid) = s.parse() {
+            Ok(Id::Ulid(ulid))
+        } else {
+            Ok(Id::Other(s))
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/event/context/mod.rs b/src/home_assistant/event/context/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23cc631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/event/context/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub mod context;
+pub mod id;
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/event/event.rs b/src/home_assistant/event/event.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c65a9e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/event/event.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+use super::{context::context::Context, event_origin::EventOrigin};
+
+/// Representation of an event within the bus.
+#[derive(Debug, FromPyObject)]
+pub struct Event<Type, Data> {
+    pub event_type: Type,
+    pub data: Data,
+    pub origin: EventOrigin,
+    /// In order to prevent cycles, the user must extract this to a [`Context`](super::context::Context) themself, using the [`context`](Self::context) method
+    context: Py<PyAny>,
+    time_fired_timestamp: f64,
+}
+
+impl<Type, Data> Event<Type, Data> {
+    pub fn context<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Context> {
+        self.context.extract(py)
+    }
+
+    pub fn time_fired(&self) -> Option<DateTime<Utc>> {
+        const NANOS_PER_SEC: i32 = 1_000_000_000;
+
+        let secs = self.time_fired_timestamp as i64;
+        let nsecs = (self.time_fired_timestamp.fract() * (NANOS_PER_SEC as f64)) as u32;
+
+        DateTime::from_timestamp(secs, nsecs)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/event/event_origin.rs b/src/home_assistant/event/event_origin.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c1fddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/event/event_origin.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use pyo3::{exceptions::PyValueError, prelude::*};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, strum::EnumString, strum::Display)]
+#[strum(serialize_all = "UPPERCASE")]
+pub enum EventOrigin {
+    Local,
+    Remote,
+}
+
+impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for EventOrigin {
+    fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let s = ob.str()?;
+        let s = s.extract()?;
+        let event_origin =
+            EventOrigin::from_str(s).map_err(|err| PyValueError::new_err(err.to_string()))?;
+
+        Ok(event_origin)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/event/mod.rs b/src/home_assistant/event/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da586ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/event/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+pub mod context;
+pub mod event;
+pub mod event_origin;
+pub mod specific;
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/event/specific/mod.rs b/src/home_assistant/event/specific/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..437ee54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/event/specific/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod state_changed;
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/event/specific/state_changed.rs b/src/home_assistant/event/specific/state_changed.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20e152f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/event/specific/state_changed.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use std::str::FromStr;
+
+use pyo3::exceptions::PyValueError;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::home_assistant::{entity_id::EntityId, state::State};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Type;
+
+impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for Type {
+    fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let s = ob.extract::<&str>()?;
+
+        if s == "state_changed" {
+            Ok(Type)
+        } else {
+            Err(PyValueError::new_err(format!(
+                "expected a string of value 'state_changed', but got {s}"
+            )))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, FromPyObject)]
+#[pyo3(from_item_all)]
+pub struct Data {
+    pub entity_id: EntityId,
+    pub old_state: Option<State>,
+    pub new_state: Option<State>,
+}
+
+/// A state changed event is fired when on state write the state is changed.
+pub type Event = super::super::event::Event<Type, Data>;
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/home_assistant.rs b/src/home_assistant/home_assistant.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90f98ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/home_assistant.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::python_utils::{detach, validate_type_by_name};
+
+use super::state_machine::StateMachine;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct HomeAssistant(Py<PyAny>);
+
+impl<'source> FromPyObject<'source> for HomeAssistant {
+    fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'source, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        // region: Validation
+        validate_type_by_name(ob, "HomeAssistant")?;
+        // endregion: Validation
+
+        Ok(Self(detach(ob)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl HomeAssistant {
+    /// Return the representation
+    pub fn repr(&self, py: &Python) -> Result<String, PyErr> {
+        let bound = self.0.bind(*py);
+        let repr = bound.repr()?;
+        repr.extract()
+    }
+
+    /// Return if Home Assistant is running.
+    pub fn is_running(&self, py: &Python) -> Result<bool, PyErr> {
+        let is_running = self.0.getattr(*py, "is_running")?;
+        is_running.extract(*py)
+    }
+    /// Return if Home Assistant is stopping.
+    pub fn is_stopping(&self, py: &Python) -> Result<bool, PyErr> {
+        let is_stopping = self.0.getattr(*py, "is_stopping")?;
+        is_stopping.extract(*py)
+    }
+
+    pub fn states(&self, py: &Python) -> Result<StateMachine, PyErr> {
+        let states = self.0.getattr(*py, "states")?;
+        states.extract(*py)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/mod.rs b/src/home_assistant/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a1e3cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pub mod domain;
+pub mod entity_id;
+pub mod event;
+pub mod home_assistant;
+pub mod object_id;
+pub mod state;
+pub mod state_machine;
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/object_id.rs b/src/home_assistant/object_id.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..501cf38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/object_id.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use std::{str::FromStr, sync::Arc};
+
+use pyo3::{exceptions::PyValueError, PyErr};
+use snafu::Snafu;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, derive_more::Display)]
+pub struct ObjectId(Arc<str>);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Snafu)]
+#[snafu(display("expected a lowercase ASCII alphabetical character (i.e. a through z) or an underscore (i.e. _) but encountered {encountered}"))]
+pub struct ObjectIdParsingError {
+    encountered: char,
+}
+
+impl FromStr for ObjectId {
+    type Err = ObjectIdParsingError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        for c in s.chars() {
+            match c {
+                'a'..='z' => {}
+                '_' => {}
+                _ => return Err(ObjectIdParsingError { encountered: c }),
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self(s.into()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<ObjectIdParsingError> for PyErr {
+    fn from(error: ObjectIdParsingError) -> Self {
+        PyValueError::new_err(error.to_string())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/state.rs b/src/home_assistant/state.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59a3e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/state.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::{arbitrary::map::Map, home_assistant::entity_id::EntityId};
+
+use super::event::context::context::Context;
+
+#[derive(Debug, FromPyObject)]
+pub struct State {
+    pub entity_id: EntityId,
+    pub state: String,
+    pub attributes: Map,
+    pub last_changed: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub last_reported: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub last_updated: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    pub context: Context,
+}
diff --git a/src/home_assistant/state_machine.rs b/src/home_assistant/state_machine.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..791af1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/home_assistant/state_machine.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::{
+    home_assistant::entity_id::EntityId,
+    python_utils::{detach, validate_type_by_name},
+};
+
+use super::state::State;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct StateMachine(Py<PyAny>);
+
+impl<'py> FromPyObject<'py> for StateMachine {
+    fn extract_bound(ob: &Bound<'py, PyAny>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        // region: Validation
+        validate_type_by_name(ob, "StateMachine")?;
+        // endregion: Validation
+
+        Ok(Self(detach(ob)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl StateMachine {
+    pub fn get(&self, py: &Python, entity_id: EntityId) -> Result<Option<State>, PyErr> {
+        let args = (entity_id.to_string(),);
+        let state = self.0.call_method1(*py, "get", args)?;
+        state.extract(*py)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index fa295a2..37097d2 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,27 +1,42 @@
 use std::time::Duration;
 
+use home_assistant::home_assistant::HomeAssistant;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use tokio::time::interval;
+use tracing::Level;
+use tracing_subscriber::fmt::format::FmtSpan;
 
-async fn real_main() -> ! {
-    let duration = Duration::from_millis(400);
+mod arbitrary;
+mod home_assistant;
+mod python_utils;
+
+async fn real_main(home_assistant: HomeAssistant) -> ! {
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_max_level(Level::TRACE)
+        .with_span_events(FmtSpan::ACTIVE)
+        .pretty()
+        .init();
+
+    let duration = Duration::from_millis(5900);
     let mut interval = interval(duration);
 
     loop {
         let instant = interval.tick().await;
 
-        println!("it is now {instant:?}");
+        tracing::debug!(?instant, "it is now");
     }
 }
 
 #[pyfunction]
-fn main(py: Python) -> PyResult<&PyAny> {
-    pyo3_asyncio::tokio::future_into_py(py, async { Ok(real_main().await) })
+fn main<'p>(py: Python<'p>, home_assistant: HomeAssistant) -> PyResult<Bound<'p, PyAny>> {
+    pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::future_into_py::<_, ()>(py, async {
+        real_main(home_assistant).await;
+    })
 }
 
 /// A Python module implemented in Rust.
 #[pymodule]
-fn smart_home_in_rust_with_home_assistant(_py: Python, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
+fn smart_home_in_rust_with_home_assistant(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
     m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(main, m)?)?;
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/src/python_utils.rs b/src/python_utils.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49b0e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/python_utils.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+use pyo3::{exceptions::PyTypeError, prelude::*};
+
+/// Create a GIL-independent reference (similar to [`Arc`](std::sync::Arc))
+pub fn detach<T>(bound: &Bound<T>) -> Py<T> {
+    let py = bound.py();
+    bound.as_unbound().clone_ref(py)
+}
+
+pub fn validate_type_by_name(bound: &Bound<PyAny>, expected_type_name: &str) -> PyResult<()> {
+    let py_type = bound.get_type();
+    let type_name = py_type.name()?;
+    let type_name = type_name.to_str()?;
+
+    if type_name != expected_type_name {
+        let fully_qualified_type_name = py_type.fully_qualified_name()?;
+        let fully_qualified_type_name = fully_qualified_type_name.to_str()?;
+        return Err(PyTypeError::new_err(format!("expected an instance of {expected_type_name} but got an instance of {fully_qualified_type_name}")));
+    }
+
+    return Ok(());
+}